Phylum-Echinodermata - Chart

Sea Cucumber

Classification:

Phylum-            Echinodermata           Presence of spines on body

Class -               Holothuroidea             Body cylindrical with bilateral symmetry

Order-               Aspidochirotida          Body wall tough and muscular

Type-                Sea Cucumber             Body elongated with bilateral symmetry

Characters:

1.      Body elongated, vermiform and bilaterally symmetrical.

2.      Tube feet scattered all over the body.

3.      Dorsal tube feet pointed.

4.      20-30 oral tentacles are present anteriorly.

5.      Ventral tube feet with suckers.

Brittle Star

 

Classification:

Phylum-            Echinodermata           Presence of spines on body

Class -               Stelleroidea                 Long slender arm containing open ambulacral groove

Order-               Oegophiurida              Presence of five simple, slender, jointed and brittle arms

Type-                Brittle Star                  Flat disc covered by scales and radial shields.

Characters:

1.      Body flattened, pentamerous and star shaped.

2.      It shows 5 long, slender, brittle arms

3.      Spines on the body are short, cilia like and downwardly directed.

4.      Arms bear open ambulacral grooves on ventral side.

5.      Oral and aboral surfaces are distinct.

Sea Star

Classification:

Phylum-            Echinodermata                       Presence of spines on body

Class -               Asteroidea                               Pentagonal body with flattened central disc

Order-               Forcipulata                              Marginal plates not prominent

Genus-              Asterias                                   Body star shaped with radial symmetry

Species-            rubencs                                    Ambulacral spines with pedicellariae

Characters:

1.      Commonly called as star fish.

2.      Body pentagonal star shaped with radial symmetry.

3.      Ambulacral grooves are open and bear tube feet in 2 rows.

4.      Mouth is on the oral surface and anus is on the aboral surface.

5.      Tube feet are provided with the terminal suckers hence they act as locomotary organs. 

Sea Urchin

Classification:

Phylum-            Echinodermata           Presence of spines on body

Class -               Echinoidea                  Body globular, oval

Order-               Echinoida                    Testa globular and rigid

Type-                Sea urchin                   Body with flat oral and dome

                                                  shaped aboral surface

Characters:

1.      Body nearly spherical with flat oral and dome shaped aboral surface.

2.      Calcareous plates are present on body surface which act as exoskeleton called as test.

3.      Whole surface of test is covered with movable spines except mouth and anal region.

4.      Tube feet are arranged in rows in ambulacral grooves

5.      External gills are present.

6.      Spines are of same size.

Sea Lily/ Feather Star

Classification:

Phylum-            Echinodermata           Presence of spines on body

Class -               Crinoidea                    Presence of stalk and branched arms

Order-               Commatulida              Arms usually branched bearing pinnules

Type-                Sea lily                        Arms 10, elongated and slender

Characters:

1.      These animals are usually stalked with movable and branched arms.

2.      Generally 10 long, slender arms are present.

3.      Both mouth and anus are present on oral surface.

4.      Oral surface is leathery and with numerous calcareous plates.

5.      Each arm contains the double series of pinnules.

6.      Young stages are stalked while later stages are free swimming.

Phylum Arthropoda - Chart

     Phylum- Arthropod

Ex- Peripatus, Palaemon, Crab, Limulus, Scolopendra, Julus, Periplaneta

 

Peripatus

Kingdom         Animalia                      Eukaryotic, heterophic animal.

Phylum:           Arthropoda                 Jointed appendages.

Class:               Onychophora              Exoskeleton absent, parapodia with claws

Genus              Peripatus         ,

Species             capensis

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Peripatus capensis

Characters

1.  It is connecting link between annelid and arthropod.
2.  Body is caterpillar like.
3.  Body is segmented.
4. Alimentary canal is straight.
5. Presence of segmented antenna.
6. Presence of Chitenous  jaw.
7. Parapodia terminates into claws.

Palaemon, (Prawn)

Kingdom         Animalia          Eukaryotic, heterophic animal.

Phylum:           Arthropoda     Jointed appendages.

Class                Crutacea          Head and thorax fused (cephalothorax).  

Order:              Decapoda        Presence of 10 pairs of appendages.

Genus  :           Penaeus

Species :          monodon

                                                                    Penaeus monodon

 Characters:   

1.    It is freshwater as well as marine water.
2.   Presence of 10 pairs of appendages. 
3.  Eyes are stalked 
4.  Head fused with thorax forming cephalothorax.
5. Cephalothorax is covered by carapace. 
6. Presence of telson and uropod.

Crab 

King crab (Lumulus)

Kingdom         Animalia          Eukaryotic, heterophic animal.

Phylum:           Arthropoda     Jointed appendages.

Class                Merostomata   Aquatic form and compound eyes are well developed.

Order:              xiphosurida     prosoma coveed with horse shoe shaped carapace.

Genus              Limulus

 Species:           polyphemus    

                                                               Limulus polyphemus

 

 Characters.

1.      It is commonly called as King krab

                  2.      Body is divided into prosoma,  mesosoma  and metasoma.

3.      It is living fossil.

4.      Body is covered with carapace.

5.      6 pair of movable spins on mesoma.

6.      Respiratory organs are book lung.

7.      Presence of telson.

8.      Sexes are separate. 


Centipede (Scolopendra)

Kingdom         Animalia          Eukaryotic, heterophic animal.

Phylum:           Arthropoda     Jointed appendages.

Class                Chilopoda       Body is divided into head and trunk.

Order:              scolopendromorpha     body elongated dorso- ventrally  flattened.  

Genus :            Scholopendra

Species:           subspinipes     

 

Scholopendra  subspinipes (Centiped)

Characters:

  Centipeds are 100 leggers.
  Body is segmented.
  Each segment has a pair of walking legs.
 1^st five pairs are curved act as poison glands.
  Anus is in the last body segment.
 Presence of anal style.
 It is carnivorous. 

Millipede (Julus)

Kingdom         Animalia                      Eukaryotic, heterophic animal.

Phylum:           Arthropoda                 Jointed appendages.

Class                Diplopoda                   two pairs of walking legs to each segment.

Order:              Julida                           Spinneretes absent in last segment.  

Genus:             Cylindroiulus

Species            :londinensis

 

                                                       Cylindroiulus londinensis (Millipede)

 Characters:

Commonly called as Julus.
It is also called 1000 leggers.
 Body is segmented.
  Each segment has two pairs of leg.
  Simple eyes.
 Antenna 7 segmented.
 Julus is herbivorous.

 

Periplaneta (Cockroach)

Kingdom         Animalia                      Eukaryotic, heterophic animal.

Phylum:           Arthropoda                 Jointed appendages. 
Class                Insecta                        Three pairs of walking legs, tow pairs of wing 
Order            Blattodea 
Genus              Periplaneta              
Species            americana 

 Characteres :- 

It is originated from Mexico in America.

Body is divisible into head, neck, thorax and abdomen.

Presence of three pairs o walking legs.

presence of compound eyes.

Two pairs of wings

Malphigian tubules are excretory organ.

Feeds upon organic food material.

It is found noctournal.

Sexes are separate.

Indistinct sexual dimorphism.

 

  

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Scorpion

Kingdom         Animalia                      Eukaryotic, heterophic animal.

Phylum:           Arthropoda                 Jointed appendages.

Class                Arachnida                   4 pairs of thoracic legs.

Order:              Scorpinoida                 Presence of sting apparatus.

Genus              Palamnaeus

Species            bengalensis

  

 Palamnaeus bengalensis (Scorpion)

Characters.

1.  It is living fossil
2. It is nocturnal animal. 
3.    It has poisonous sting at its end. 
4.    Body divisible into prosoma, mesosoma and metasoma
5.    Chelacera are small.
6.      Pedipalp is much larger.
7.   Four pairs of walking legs.
8.   Five pairs of lateral eyes
9.   Respiratory organs are book lungs.
10.  Scorpions is poisonous animal. 
11.   Sexes are separate. 

Grasshopper

Kingdom         Animalia          Eukaryotic, heterophic animal.

Phylum:           Arthropoda     Jointed appendages.

Class                Insecta             Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen.

Order:              Orthoptera       Prothorax large.

Genus:             Schistocerca

Species            gregarian 

 

            

                  

                                                     Schistocerca  gregarian  (Grass hopper) 

Characters:

1.      Thorax bears 3  pairs of walking legs.

2.      Two pairs of wings.

3.      Abdomen is segmented and cylindrical.

4.      Male has anal style.

5.      Female has ovipositor.

6.      It is serious crop pest.

7.      Sexes are separate.

Butterfly

Kingdom         Animalia          Eukaryotic, heterophic animal.

Phylum:           Arthropoda     Jointed appendages.

Class                Insecta             Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen.

Order               Lepidoptera     compound eyes are very large./

Genus :            Raphicera

Species:           satricus

  Raphicera  satricus (Butterfly)

Characters

1.    Thorax bears 3  pairs of walking legs.
2.   Two pairs of wings.
3.     Abdomen is segmented and cylindrical.
4.     Antennae shows terminals enlargement.
5.     Wing are colourfull and attractive.
6.      Metamorphosis is complete.
7.      Larva is called catrpiller.
8.      Sexes are separate.

 e-mannual by Dr. Vidhin Kamble 

Department of Zoology

Sangola College, Sangola